Wood used for cabinet - work and other fancy articles, such as handles of knives and back of combs, and for wood carving and inlaying also used for furniture, veneers parquet flooring panelling , and for gates and fences at one time wood was prized for making bows. Suitable for carrying poles, ploughs, waterwheel - cogs, cheap grade pencils, and turnery. Leaves antispasmodic and emmenagogue, used for nervousness, hysteria and epilepsy and as a lithontriptic. A tincture made from young shots has long been in use of headache, giddiness, feeble and falling pulse, coldness of extremities, diarrhoea and severe biliousness. Aqueous extract of leaves showed a depressant effect on the central nervous system of rats, indicating the presence of a tranquillizing principle, All parts of the tree except the fleshy aril are poisonous used as fish-poison. Fleshy arils eaten, stomachic, carmnative, and expectorant. Extracts of various parts of the tree added to hair lotions, beauty and shaving creams, and dentifrices.